Questions:
1. What visual symptoms may patients with papilledema report?
2. When is central visual acuity loss experienced in papilledema, early or late?
3. What type of visual field defect is found initially with papilledema?
4. What type of visual field loss is experienced in long-standing papilledema?
5. Can visual loss from papilledema happen with any cause of papilledema?
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Questions:
1. Once optic disc edema is confirmed, what should be determined?
2. In anterior optic neuropathy with disc edema is visual acuity usually decreased?
3. In papilledema is visual acuity usually decreased?
4. In anterior optic neuropathy with disc edema is color vision usually decreased?
5. In papilledema is color vision usually decreased?
6. What are the usual characteristics of visual field defects in anterior optic neuropathy with disc edema?
7. What are the usual characteristics of visual field defects in papilledema?
8. Is anterior optic neuropathy with disc edema usually unilateral?
9. Is papilledema usually unilateral?
10. What findings are often associated with papilledema?
11. Does the absence of disc edema rule out raised intracranial pressure in a patient presenting with headache?
12. Does the absence of spontaneous retinal venous pulsations at the disc rule-out elevated intracranial pressure?
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Question:
Which of the following are indicative of pseudoedema of the optic disc rather than disc edema?
1. Sharp disc margins
2. Obscured vessels
3. Venous dilation and tortuosity
4. Peripapillary hemorrhages and exudates
5. Leakage on fluorescein angiogram
6. Anomalous retinal vasculature (arterial branching)
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Questions:
1. How frequently are drusen present in the general population?
2. What techniques may be useful to demonstrate buried disc drusen?
3. What should be done with symptomatic patients with optic disc drusen?
4. What test should be done in all patients with optic nerve hypoplasia?
5. When is a visual field defect expected to be seen with intraocular myelination?
6. What visual field defect would be most likely with intraocular myelination?
7. What test should be done in patients with optic disc coloboma or the “morning glory” disc anomaly?
8. What visual field defect may be associated with tilted discs?
9. What findings are likely with an optic disc pit?
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Questions:
1. What should be checked on all head trauma patients?
2. What are the mechanisms of traumatic optic neuropathy?
3. What imaging should be ordered when traumatic optic neuropathy is suspected?
4. What treatment is usually required for direct traumatic optic neuropathies?
5. What treatment is usually required for indirect traumatic optic neuropathies?
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Questions:
1. Are cases of toxic or nutritional optic neuropathies likely to be caused by a single agent?
2. Is vision likely to recover with discontinuation of the toxin or vitamin deficiency supplementation?
3. What are the common agents that cause toxic optic neuropathies?
4. What are the common agents that cause nutritional optic neuropathies?
5. What condition do the fundus findings of amiodarone toxicity often resemble?
6. What should always be checked in patients with progressive bilateral visual loss and bilateral optic atrophy?
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Questions:
1. What is the most common cause of compressive optic neuropathy?
2. Are pilocytic astrocytoma and optic nerve glioma more common in adults or children?
3. Do anterior or large intraorbital lesions often produce optic disc swelling?
4. Is there usually pain on eye movement with compressive optic neuropathy?
5. Is cupping uncommon in chronic compressive optic neuropathy?
6. What neuroimaging studies should be obtained for suspected compressive optic neuropathy?
7. Are episodes of transient monocular visual loss common in optic nerve sheath meningiomas?
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Questions:
1. What is the most common cause of compressive optic neuropathy?
2. Are pilocytic astrocytoma and optic nerve glioma more common in adults or children?
3. Do anterior or large intraorbital lesions often produce optic disc swelling?
4. Is there usually pain on eye movement with compressive optic neuropathy?
5. Is cupping uncommon in chronic compressive optic neuropathy?
6. What neuroimaging studies should be obtained for suspected compressive optic neuropathy?
7. Are episodes of transient monocular visual loss common in optic nerve sheath meningiomas?
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