Archives for February 2020

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 13 Diplopia 13 – Localization of Findings & Treatment of Diplopia – 3rd and 4th Nerves

Questions:
161. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 4th nerve palsy with contralateral Horner syndrome?
162Where do these findings localize the lesion: 3rd nerve palsy with contralateral ptosis and contralateral superior rectus weakness?
163. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 3rd nerve palsy with contralateral hemiparesis?
164. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 3rd nerve palsy and ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia?
165. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 3rd nerve palsy and contralateral tremor?
166. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 3rd nerve palsy and contralateral ataxia with tremor?
167. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 3rd nerve palsy with vertical gaze palsy, lid retraction, skew deviation, and convergence nystagmus?
168. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 3rd nerve palsy with depressed mental status?

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 13 Diplopia 13 – Localization of Findings & Treatment of Diplopia – 6th nerve

Questions:
156. Where do these findings localize the lesion: Horizontal gaze palsy with ipsilateral facial palsy?
157. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 6th nerve palsy with contralateral hemiparesis?
158. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 6th nerve palsy with ipsilateral 7th nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis?
159. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 6th nerve palsy with ipsilateral 7th nerve palsy, deafness, hypoesthesia, Horner syndrome, contralateral pain, thermal hypoesthesia, and ataxia?
160. Where do these findings localize the lesion: 6th nerve palsy with ipsilateral Horner syndrome?

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 13 Diplopia 12 – Skew, Tilt, Whipple & Ocular Neuromyotonia

Questions:
143. What are 7 characteristics of Skew Deviation?
144. What test can help differentiate a 4th nerve palsy from skew deviation?
145. What is the ocular tilt reaction?
146. What transmission pathway is disrupted in skew deviation and the ocular tilt reaction?
147. What infectious condition can cause a vertical gaze palsy?
148. What is the cause of Whipple disease?
149. What are the findings of Whipple disease?
150. Where are saccadic eye movements initiated?
151. Where are smooth pursuit eye movements generated?
152. What is the function of inputs to the visual system from the vestibular nuclear complexes?
153. What is Ocular Neuromyotonia?
154. What are the symptoms of Ocular Neuromyotonia?
155.  What is the usual cause of Ocular Neuromyotonia?

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 13 Diplopia 11 – Vertical Eye Movements

Questions:

135. Where are the critical supranuclear structures mediating vertical gaze located?
136. What are the 4 most important pretectal areas related to vertical eye movement?
137. Where are the burst neurons responsible for vertical saccades located?
138. What serves as the neural integrator for vertical gaze and torsion?
139. For downgaze, where do the axons from the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) project?
140. What are the 4 findings of the Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome?
141. What are 2 other names for the Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome?
142. What is a common cause of the Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome?