Archives for May 2019

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 8 – Optic Neuropathies 10

Questions:
116. What are the characteristic features of toxic and nutritional optic neuropathies?
117. Is visual loss in toxic or nutritional optic neuropathy commonly the result of a single cause?
118. Is treatment by stopping the toxic agent or replacing a missing vitamin that is causing an optic neuropathy usually effective in improving visual function?
119. What are the common toxins linked to optic neuropathies?
120. What are the nutritional causes linked to optic neuropathies?
121. What is the most common agent in toxic optic neuropathy?
122. What are the findings of methanol-related optic neuropathy and what is its course?
123. What are the characteristics of ethylene glycol-related optic neuropathy?
124. What is the most common medication that causes toxic optic neuropathy?
125. What are the characteristics of ethambutol-related optic neuropathy?
126. What are the characteristics of amiodarone-related optic neuropathy?
127. What should be always be excluded when considering the diagnosis of toxic optic neuropathy?
128. What is often the first sign of vitamin B12 deficiency?
129. What are the characteristics of Vitamin B12 deficiency?

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 8 – Optic Neuropathies 9

Questions:
101. What are the characteristics of hereditary optic neuropathies?
102. When should hereditary optic neuropathies be suspected?
103. What is the most common hereditary optic neuropathy?
104. What misdiagnosis is often made in dominant optic atrophy?
105. What is the typical disk appearance in dominant optic atrophy?
106. Can hereditary optic atrophies have other neurologic or systemic signs?
107. Are hereditary optic atrophies associated with degenerative or developmental diseases?
108. How is Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) inherited?
109. What are the clinical findings in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)?
110. What can be associated with  Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON?
111. Is there a genetic blood test for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)?
112. Does spontaneous vision improvement occur in some patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)?
113. What test should be done on patients confirmed as having Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)?
114. Which hereditary optic atrophy often has disk cupping in addition to bilateral temporal disk pallor?
115. What are the characteristics of Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (DOA)?

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 8 – Optic Neuropathies 8

Questions:
95. Do anterior and large intraorbital lesions produce optic disc swelling?
96. Do intracranial, intracanalicular, and posterior orbital compressive lesions typically produce disc swelling?
97. How is the presumed diagnosis of compressive optic neuropathy confirmed?
98. What are the characteristic findings of optic nerve sheath meningioma?
99. What are 7 characteristic findings of optic nerve glioma/pilocytic astrocytoma?
100. What are 6 characteristic findings of craniopharyngioma?

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 8 – Optic Neuropathies 7

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 8 – Optic Neuropathies 7

Questions:
85. How long after radiation does radiation optic neuropathy devel
86. What are the characteristics of radiation optic neuropathy?
87. In which race is arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy most commonly seen?
88. What is the typical age of onset of arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy?
89. What are the usual systemic symptoms associated with arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy?
90. Can visual loss be the only symptom of arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy?
91. Is visual loss in arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy usually severe?
91. What should recurrent episodes of transient monocular visual loss or transient diplopia suggest in an individual over 50?
93. Other than giant cell arteritis, what are causes of arteritic AION and PION?
94. In presumed arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, should the results of a temporal artery biopsy be obtained before starting high dose systemic corticosteroid therapy?

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated Chapter 8 – Optic Neuropathies 6


Questions:
71. What should the findings of AION in the absence of a small crowded optic nerve head with a small cup-to-disk ratio suggest?
72. Which is more likely to have pain, nonarteritic AION or Arteritic AION
73. If the reduction of visual acuity is small in nonarteritic AION, how is color vision likely to be affected?
74. What kind of process is believed to be present in diabetic papillopathy?
75. How is diabetic papillopathy distinguished from typical nonarteritic AION?
76. Is nonarteritic AION associated with ipsilateral internal carotid artery stenosis?
77. What are 9 risk factors for nonarteritic AION?
78. Should the internal carotid arteries be evaluated in nonarteritic AION?
79. Is there an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease in the population of patients with AION?
80. Does the presence of optic nerve head drusen or papilledema increase the risk of nonarteritic AION?
81. What medication may induce an optic neuropathy that mimics nonarteritic AION?
82. Is there a proven treatment for nonarteritic AION?
83. What conditions are associated with nonarteritic PION?
84. How is nonarteritic PION diagnosed?